@article{ref1,
title="Considerations towards a population health approach to reduce prescription opioid-related harms (with a primary focus on Canada)",
journal="Drugs: education, prevention, and policy",
year="2015",
author="Fischer, Benedikt and Burnett, Chantal and Rehm, Jürgen",
volume="22",
number="1",
pages="60-65",
abstract="Prescription opioid (POs, i.e. opioid analgesics requiring a prescription) related harms are extensive in North America; non-medical PO use (NMPOU), PO-related morbidity (e.g. hospital or treatment admissions) and mortality (e.g. overdose deaths) are high in the general population. Most recommendations towards reducing PO-related problems to date have focused on rather narrow and specific areas (e.g. improved PO monitoring, clinical PO use guidelines, detection of patients with PO abuse, tamper-resistant PO formulations). An integrated population health framework for POs - i.e. an evidence-based approach towards largest possible reductions of PO-related harms in the population, as is well established for other psychoactive drug (e.g. alcohol) fields - is currently missing. Recent PO-focused policy initiatives launched in Canada present long lists of recommendations - the feasibility and impact of which on PO-related harms is uncertain - yet also are notably silent on population health-based considerations or approaches. We outline select principal pillars - including general and targeted prevention, and treatment - for a population health framework for PO-related harms and offer suggestions for implementation, with Canada as the principal case study. Given the extensive burden and known population-level determinants of PO-related harms, the development of an evidence-based population health approach to reduce this burden is urgently advised.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0968-7637",
doi="10.3109/09687637.2014.936827",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09687637.2014.936827"
}