@article{ref1,
title="Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology: patterns among American Indian adolescents in substance abuse treatment",
journal="American journal of orthopsychiatry",
year="2006",
author="Deters, Pamela B. and Novins, D. K. and Fickenscher, Alexandra and Beals, Janette",
volume="76",
number="3",
pages="335-345",
abstract="In this study the authors examined the prevalence and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and trauma symptomatology among a sample of 89 American Indian adolescents in a residential substance abuse treatment program. These youths reported an average of 4.1 lifetime traumas, with threat of injury and witnessing injury being most common; molestation, rape, and sexual attack were least common. Approximately 10% of participants met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for full PTSD, and about 14% met the criteria for subthreshold PTSD. Molestation (including rape and sexual attack), experiencing 6 or more traumas, and a diagnosis of abuse of or dependence on stimulants were significantly associated with PTSD. Findings indicated that trauma was a pervasive phenomenon among this population, with sexual traumas being particularly stigmatizing, resulting in high rates of posttraumatic symptomatology, specifically PTSD.   <p></p>  <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0002-9432",
doi="10.1037/0002-9432.76.3.335",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.76.3.335"
}