@article{ref1,
title="The association of the use of opioid and psychotropic medications with workersʼ compensation claim costs and lost work time",
journal="Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine",
year="2015",
author="Tao, Xuguang (Grant) and Lavin, Robert A. and Yuspeh, Larry and Weaver, Virginia M. and Bernacki, Edward J.",
volume="57",
number="2",
pages="196-201",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the use of psychotropic and opioid medications with workers' compensation disability and costs.   Methods: The study population included lost time claimants injured between 1999 and 2002 followed to closing in December 31, 2009.   Results: Controlling for age, sex, marital status, attorney involvement, and spinal surgeries, multivariate logistic regression revealed that odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of claim costs ≥$100,000 compared with claimants who were never prescribed opioids were 4.3 for short-acting opioids only; 8.6 for any use of long-acting opioids; 2.8 for any use of hypnotics; 2.6 for any use of antipsychotics; 1.6 for any use of anti-anxiety agents; and 2.9 for any use of antidepressants.   Conclusions: The use of psychotropic and opioid medications was associated with high workers' compensation costs and prolonged disability.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1076-2752",
doi="10.1097/JOM.0000000000000333",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000333"
}