@article{ref1,
title="A preliminary formula to predict timing of symptom resolution for collegiate athletes diagnosed with sport concussion",
journal="Journal of athletic training",
year="2015",
author="Resch, Jacob E. and Brown, Cathleen N. and Macciocchi, Stephen N. and Cullum, C. Munro and Blueitt, Damond and Ferrara, Michael S.",
volume="50",
number="12",
pages="1292-1298",
abstract="CONTEXT:   Symptom presentation and recovery after sport concussion (SC) are variable. Empirically based models documenting typical symptom duration would assist health care providers in managing return to play after SC. <br><br>OBJECTIVE:   To develop a prediction model for SC symptom duration. <br><br>DESIGN:   Cross-sectional study. SETTING:   Two National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I university laboratories. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS:   Seventy-six (51 male and 25 female) concussed athletes with an average age of 19.5 ± 1.65 years who were evaluated within 24 hours of diagnosis. INTERVENTION(S):   Participants completed the Revised Head Injury Scale (HIS-r), Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT), and the Sensory Organization Test within 24 hours of SC diagnosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S):   A stepwise multivariate regression incorporating ImPACT and Sensory Organization Test composites and HIS-r symptom severity-duration was used to predict the number of days athletes report symptoms after SC. The resulting regression formula was cross-validated using the Stine cross-validation coefficient. <br><br>RESULTS:   The final formula consisted of the HIS-r's self-reported neck pain, drowsiness, tingling, and nervousness duration and ImPACT total symptom severity (R = 0.62, R(2) = 39%, R(2)adj = 34.2%, P <.001). Approximately 29% (R(2)cv = 29%) of the variance associated with total days symptomatic after SC was explained by our preliminary formula when cross-validated. The current formula correctly identified 76% of participants who recovered within 10 days of injury. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS:   Our results suggest that self-reported duration of 4 symptoms during the initial 24 hours after injury along with total symptom severity as measured by ImPACT account for a considerable amount of variance associated with days symptomatic after SC in collegiate athletes. Caution is warranted if this formula is to be used clinically until cross-validation is performed with a college-aged sample.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1062-6050",
doi="10.4085/1062-6050-50.12.03",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-50.12.03"
}