@article{ref1,
title="Cognitive reserve and persistent post-concussion symptoms-a prospective mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) cohort study",
journal="Brain injury",
year="2015",
author="Oldenburg, Christian and Lundin, Anders and Edman, Gunnar and Nygren-de Boussard, Catharina and Bartfai, Aniko",
volume="30",
number="2",
pages="146-155",
abstract="PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: Having three or more persisting (i.e. > 3 months) post-concussion symptoms (PCS) affects a significant number of patients after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). A common complaint is cognitive deficits. However, several meta-analyses have found no evidence of long-term cognitive impairment in mTBI patients. The study sought to answer two questions: first, is there a difference in cognitive performance between PCS and recovered mTBI patients? Second, is lower cognitive reserve a risk factor for developing PCS? RESEARCH DESIGN: Prospective inception cohort study. <br><br>METHODS AND PROCEDURE: One hundred and twenty-two adult patients were recruited from emergency departments within 24 hours of an mTBI. Three months post-injury, participants completed the Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire and a neuropsychological assessment. A healthy control group (n = 35) were recruited. The estimate of cognitive reserve was based upon sub-test Information from Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and international classifications of educational level and occupational skill level. MAIN OUTCOME AND RESULTS: mTBI patients showed reduced memory performance. Patients with lower cognitive reserve were 4.14-times more likely to suffer from PCS. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: mTBI may be linked to subtle executive memory deficits. Lower cognitive reserve appears to be a risk factor for PCS and indicates individual vulnerabilities.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0269-9052",
doi="10.3109/02699052.2015.1089598",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02699052.2015.1089598"
}