@article{ref1,
title="Racial/ethnic specific trends in pediatric firearm-related hospitalizations in the United States, 1998-2011",
journal="Maternal and child health journal",
year="2015",
author="Kalesan, Bindu and Dabic, Stefan and Vasan, Sowmya and Stylianos, Steven and Galea, Sandro",
volume="20",
number="5",
pages="1082-1090",
abstract="OBJECTIVEs To determine the temporal patterns and the difference in trends by race/ethnicity of pediatric firearm hospitalizations (FH) among those aged 15 years or younger in the United States. <br><br>METHODS Data on pediatric FH was retrieved from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample between 1998 and 2011 (n = 16,998,470) using external cause of injury codes (E-codes) of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical modification, (assault: E9650-E9654, unintentional: E9220-E9224, E9228, and E9229, suicide: E9550-E9554, E9556, and E9559, undetermined: E9850-E9854, and E9856 and legal: E970). Meta-regression was used to determine the significance of temporal trends. Survey logistic regression adjusted for survey year was used to examine association of pediatric FH with social and demographic characteristics. <br><br>RESULTS An annual reduction of 1.07 per 100,000 hospitalizations (p-trend = 0.011) was observed between 1998 and 2011. There was reduction in rate of unintentional-FH (p-trend = 0.013), suicide-FH (p-trend = 0.029), and undetermined-FH (p-trend = 0.002), but not assault-FH (p-trend = 0.18). A decline in rates of FH was observed among whites (p-trend = 0.021) and Hispanics (p-trend = 0.03) while an increase in rates of assault-FH was observed among black children. All other intents and all other racial/ethnic groups showed declining rates during this interval. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS There was an overall decline in rates of pediatric FHs in this time period driven by a decline in unintentional-FHs. However there was an increase in assault FH among black children during this same time period.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1092-7875",
doi="10.1007/s10995-015-1894-8",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-015-1894-8"
}