@article{ref1,
title="Factors affecting survival following self-inflicted head and neck gunshot wounds: a single-centre retrospective review",
journal="International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery",
year="2015",
author="Murphy, J. A. and Lee, M. T. and Liu, Xijuan and Warburton, G.",
volume="45",
number="4",
pages="513-516",
abstract="Self-inflicted head and neck gunshot wounds are a common modality of suicide in the USA. This study reviewed all self-inflicted head and neck gunshot wound patients with complete records (n=157) treated at a tertiary centre between 2002 and 2012 inclusive. The associations between mortality and patient/clinical variables were evaluated with the χ(2) test or Fisher's exact test for statistical difference testing. Outcomes recorded were death (n=92, 59%), discharge to long-term care/rehabilitation (n=58, 37%), and discharge home (n=7, 4%). The majority of patients were male (86.6%) and single/separated/divorced (55.5%). The mortality rate by site, in descending order, was temporal 82%, frontal scalp 69%, submental/intraoral 30%, and neck 25%. Involvement of the central nervous system (n=127) resulted in a 70% mortality, but a lower mortality was observed among patients with an avulsion injury (P=0.025). A tracheostomy within 24h of admission was statistically associated with improved survival (P<0.001), but confounding factors were found. Multivariate analysis revealed increasing age, temporal entry site, and the severity of central nervous system involvement to be positively associated with an increased mortality.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0901-5027",
doi="10.1016/j.ijom.2015.10.004",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2015.10.004"
}