@article{ref1,
title="Behavior under high arousal conditions: on the difference between high optimists and low optimists",
journal="Journal of mechanical systems for transportation and logistics",
year="2013",
author="Ueda, Mayuko and Wada, Kazushige and Usui, Shinnosuke",
volume="6",
number="2",
pages="100-110",
abstract="An analysis of individual differences in behavior under high arousal conditions was  conducted. Participants completed a measure of optimism (the Explanatory Style  questionnaire) and were divided into high and low optimists on the basis of these  scores. Then, participants played the &quot;water-pipe game&quot; under conditions of &quot;time  pressure&quot; and &quot;severity&quot; designed to increase arousal. (&quot;Emergency&quot; consists of  both these factors together.) In this game, they had to click a computer mouse to  complete the game using the minimum number of clicks. We found that high  optimists' click frequency increased and their thinking time declined under the  high-arousal condition. This was not so in the control condition, who tended to act  promptly without much active thought. On the other hand, we found that low  optimists' click frequency did not increased under any conditions, but their total  number of clicks was larger than high optimists'. Namely low optimists seemed to  act carefully but in an inefficient fashion. Processing efficiency theory can account  for this pattern: anxiety leads to a reduction in the storage capacity of the working  memory system. These results suggest that trait optimism can influence behavior  patterns such as &quot;choking&quot; under pressure.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1882-1782",
doi="10.1299/jmtl.6.100",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmtl.6.100"
}