@article{ref1,
title="Bidirectional associations between alcohol consumption and health-related quality of life amongst young and middle-aged women",
journal="Journal of internal medicine",
year="2015",
author="Schrieks, I. C. and Wei, M. Y. and Rimm, E. B. and Okereke, O. I. and Kawachi, Ichiro and Hendriks, H. F. J. and Mukamal, K. J.",
volume="279",
number="4",
pages="376-387",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Evidence from cross-sectional studies has suggested a positive association between moderate alcohol consumption and health-related quality of life but prospective data remain scarce. <br><br>OBJECTIVES: To examine the bidirectional relationships between alcohol consumption and health-related quality of life using a longitudinal study design. <br><br>METHODS: A total of 92 448 participants of the Nurses' Health Study II reported their alcohol consumption (in 1991, 1995, 1999 and 2003) and health-related quality of life (in 1993, 1997 and 2001). Using generalized estimating equations, we modelled the physical and mental component summary (PCS and MCS) scores as a function of alcohol consumption 2 years earlier (n = 88 363) and vice versa (n = 84 621). <br><br>RESULTS: Greater alcohol consumption was associated with better PCS scores 2 years later in a dose-response manner up to ~1 serving daily [mean difference (β) = 0.67 ± 0.06 PCS units, for moderate versus infrequent drinkers]. After adjustment for previous PCS, a similar but attenuated pattern was observed (β = 0.33 ± 0.07). Moderate alcohol consumption was not related to MCS, whereas moderate-to-heavy alcohol consumption was associated with lower MCS scores (β = -0.34 ± 0.15). Higher PCS scores were associated with greater alcohol consumption 2 years later, also after adjustment for previous alcohol consumption (β = 0.53 ± 0.05 g day(-1) ). MCS was not associated with alcohol consumption 2 years later. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Amongst young and middle-aged women, moderate alcohol intake was associated with a small improvement in physical health-related quality of life 2 years later and vice versa. Moderate alcohol consumption was not associated with mental health-related quality of life in either direction.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0954-6820",
doi="10.1111/joim.12453",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joim.12453"
}