@article{ref1,
title="The scope of wounds encountered in casualties from the global war on terrorism: from the battlefield to the tertiary treatment facility",
journal="Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons",
year="2006",
author="Mazurek, Michael T. and Ficke, James R.",
volume="14",
number="10",
pages="S18-23",
abstract="Injuries seen in Operation Iraqi Freedom range from those that can be managed with nonsurgical wound care only to those requiring amputation or multiple bony and soft-tissue procedures for limb salvage. The contamination and soft-tissue injury caused by exploding ordnance requires an aggressive treatment approach. Severe wounds treated near the battlefield (ie, level II) require meticulous surgical d�?�©bridement, early fracture stabilization, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and rapid evacuation. Treatment at a level III combat support hospital involves a greater volume of patients and a longer stay because of the presence of Iraqi national patients. In the authors' experience, most US patients requiring surgical treatment were evacuated to a level IV facility (ie, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center) after one or two surgeries. The basic war surgery principles of aggressive resuscitation, early and thorough debridement, short-duration damage-control surgical procedures, and rapid evacuation were critical in our reduction of wound infection rates to below 7% for all admissions.   <p></p>  <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1067-151X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}