@article{ref1,
title="A comparison of self-report and performance-based balance measures to predict recurrent falls in people with Parkinson disease: a cohort study",
journal="Physical therapy",
year="2016",
author="Almeida, Lorena R. S. and Valença, Guilherme T. and Negreiros, Nádja N. and Pinto, Elen B. and Oliveira-Filho, Jamary",
volume="96",
number="7",
pages="1074-1084",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Balance confidence and fear of falling are factors associated with recurrent falls in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). However, the accuracy for falls prediction based on self-report measures has not been widely investigated. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy of the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) and Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) with the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), Functional Reach Test (FRT) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) in identifying recurrent fallers with PD; to explore the ability of combinations of up to three tests to predict recurrent falls. <br><br>DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with individuals with PD (n = 225). <br><br>METHODS: Participants were assessed with ABC, FES-I, BBS, FRT, TUG and DGI. Those who reported ≥2 falls in the 12-month follow-up period were classified as recurrent fallers. Areas under the ROC curves (AUC) were determined and Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to select the best predictive model. <br><br>RESULTS: Eighty-four (37.3%) participants were classified as recurrent fallers. The AUC for the ABC was 0.73, for the FES-I 0.74 and for the TUG, FRT, DGI and BBS was 0.72, 0.74, 0.76 and 0.79, respectively. Two-test models provided additional discriminating ability when compared to individual measures and had similar AIC as three-test models, particularly BBS with FES-I. LIMITATIONS: There is not an external validation sample. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: ABC and FES-I demonstrated moderate accuracy in predicting recurrent falls, showing similar predictive ability as performance-based balance measures, especially FRT and TUG. Two-test models showed similar performance as three-test models, suggesting that a combination of two measures may improve the predictive ability of recurrent falls in PD. Specifically, the utilization of BBS along with FES-I may be considered.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0031-9023",
doi="10.2522/ptj.20150168",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20150168"
}