@article{ref1,
title="Wrap around distance (WAD) of human bodies in pedestrian and bicyclist car frontal impacts and relevance as influence parameter for head injuries",
journal="VKU Verkehrsunfall und Fahrzeugtechnik",
year="2015",
author="Otte, Dietmar and Facius, Thorsten and Wiese, Birgitt",
volume="53",
number="2",
pages="48-61",
abstract="During most pedestrian-vehicle crashes the car front impacts the moving or standing pedestrian and the whole body wraps around the front shape of the car. This is dependent on different influence parameters, such as body height and length of the front hood and the injury severity is essentially affected by the head impact at the vehicle. The windscreen is a major impact pint of the head and meanwhile tested in NCAP conditions. The injury severity is also influenced by the car impact speed, type of vehicle, stiffness and shape of the vehicle, nature of the front (such as the bumper height, bonnet height and length, windscreen frame), age and body height of the pedestrian relative to the vehicle front at the time of impact. The so-called Wrap Around Distance (WAD) is one of the most important measurements for the assessment of protection of the vulnerable road users because the kinematic of bicyclists is related to that of pedestrians. For this study, accidents of GIDAS (German in-Depth-Accident Study) from the years 1999 up to 2013 were used to determine the influence of the WAD on the resulting injury severity of the head of pedestrians and bicyclists.<p /> <p>Language: de</p>",
language="de",
issn="0724-2050",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}