@article{ref1,
title="Novice drivers' performance after difference alcohol dosages and placebo in the divided-attention steering simulator (DASS)",
journal="Psychopharmacology",
year="2009",
author="Verster, Joris C. and Wester, Anne E. and Goorden, Maartje and van Wieringen, Jan-Peter and Olivier, Berend and Volkerts, Edmund R.",
volume="204",
number="1",
pages="127-133",
abstract="This article reports on a randomized, single-blind crossover study that used a divided-attention steering simulator (DASS) to examine the changes in novice drivers' (n = 32) performances after imbibing different alcohol dosages (or placebo). The DASS is designed to measure lane-keeping (i.e., a tracking task using a steering wheel) while performing a secondary visual task (responding to digits that appear in the corners of the computer screen). Subjects received alcohol to gain a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.08%, and 0.10% or alcohol-placebo. Sixteen of the subjects performed a 30-min test in DASS (dual-task condition). Outcome measures were steering error, reaction time, and percentage of errors. The other 16 subjects performed the test without performing the secondary peripheral task (single-task condition). Analyses were performed on 28 subjects, all of whom had had their driver's license fewer than 5 years. Dose-dependent impairment was found in both the single-task condition and the dual-task condition. With the exception of the BAC 0.02%, performance at all BAC levels differed significantly from alcohol-placebo. As the BAC levels increased, subjects made more errors and reacted more slowly on the peripheral tasks. Keywords: Driver distraction;<p /><p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0033-3158",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}