@article{ref1,
title="A passenger reduces sleepy driver's activation in the right prefrontal cortex: a laboratory study using near-infrared spectroscopy",
journal="Accident analysis and prevention",
year="2016",
author="Liu, Tao and Liu, Yan and He, Wei and He, Wuming and Yu, Xide and Guo, Siyuan and Zhang, Guiping",
volume="95",
number="",
pages="358-361",
abstract="The present study aimed to examine how a passenger affects the sleepiness effect (awake vs. sleepy) on an individual's prefrontal activation during a simulated driving-game task using a wireless portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device. Participants drove from start to goal along default routes either solely (no-passenger group) or with a friend sitting beside him/her as a passenger (with-passenger group). Sleepiness level was assessed by a five-item scale questionnaire. In the no-passenger group, there were no performance and activation differences between the sleepy and awake participants. In the with-passenger group, by contrast, the sleepy participants showed more errors and lower activations in their right prefrontal cortex than the awake participants. These results suggest that a passenger has little effect on awake participants, but may weaken the sleepy participants' vigilance and/or their cognitive abilities of action control. Practically, the present study demonstrates that NIRS may provide us a new possibility to monitor and examine the driver's mental states in the brain.  Keywords: Driver distraction <p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0001-4575",
doi="10.1016/j.aap.2016.01.016",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2016.01.016"
}