@article{ref1,
title="Evaluating the psychometric properties and responsiveness to change of three depression measures in a sample of persons with traumatic spinal cord injury and major depressive disorder",
journal="Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation",
year="2016",
author="Williams, Ryan and Heinemann, Allen and Neumann, Holly Demark and Fann, Jesse R. and Forchheimer, Martin and Richardson, Elizabeth and Bombardier, Charles H.",
volume="97",
number="6",
pages="929-937",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: To compare the measurement properties and responsiveness to change of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-20) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). <br><br>DESIGN: Secondary analysis of depression symptoms measured at 6 occasions over 12 weeks as part of a randomized control trial of venlafaxine XR for MDD in persons with SCI. SETTING: Outpatient and community settings. PARTICIPANTS: 133 individuals consented and completed the drug trial. Eligibility criteria were age at least 18 years old; traumatic SCI; and diagnosis of MDD. INTERVENTION: venlafaxine XR. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients completed the PHQ-9 and the HSCL-20 depression scales; clinical investigators completed the HAM-D and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Depression Module (SCID-D), which was used as a diagnostic criterion measure. <br><br>RESULTS: All 3 instruments were improved with rating scale analysis. The HSCL-20 and HAM-D contained items that misfit the underlying construct and that correlated weakly with the total measures. Removing these items improved the internal consistency with floor effects increasing slightly. The HAM-D correlated most strongly with SCID-D diagnoses. Depression improvement was similar on all measures in both treatment and control groups. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The psychometric properties of the revised depression instruments are more than adequate for routine use in adults with SCI and are responsive to clinical improvement. The PHQ-9 is the simplest instrument, with measurement properties as good as or better than those of the other instruments and requiring the fewest modifications.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0003-9993",
doi="10.1016/j.apmr.2016.01.017",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2016.01.017"
}