@article{ref1,
title="Energy drink consumption, health complaints and late bedtime among young adolescents",
journal="International journal of public health",
year="2016",
author="Koivusilta, Leena and Kuoppamäki, Heini and Rimpelä, Arja",
volume="61",
number="3",
pages="299-306",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: Energy drinks contain large amounts of caffeine. Their effects on adolescent well-being are poorly known. We examined the relationship of energy drink consumption with health complaints and late bedtime among 13-year-olds. <br><br>METHODS: A classroom survey was conducted on all 7th graders in the Helsinki metropolitan region, Finland (73 % responded; n = 9446). Logistic regression analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used. <br><br>RESULTS: The prevalence of health complaints increased as energy drink consumption increased from non-consumers to several times/day. Late bedtime (≥11 PM) increased correspondingly. Those consuming energy drinks several times/day exhibited increased odds of experiencing daily health complaints compared with non-consumers: headache OR (adjusted) = 4.6 (2.8-7.7), sleeping problems OR = 3.6 (2.2-5.8), irritation OR = 4.1 (2.7-6.1), tiredness/fatigue OR = 3.7 (2.4-5.7), and late bedtime OR = 7.8 (5.7-10.9). In SEM, energy drink consumption had a direct effect on health complaints and late bedtime and an indirect effect on health complaints via late bedtime. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Energy drinks, late bedtime, and health complaints form a behavior pattern that is worth considering in schools, home and clinical settings when adolescents complain about headaches, problems with sleeping and corresponding symptoms.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1661-8556",
doi="10.1007/s00038-016-0797-9",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-016-0797-9"
}