@article{ref1,
title="Risk of depressive disorder following disasters and military deployment: systematic review with meta-analysis",
journal="British journal of psychiatry",
year="2016",
author="Bonde, Jens Peter Ellekilde and Utzon-Frank, N. and Bertelsen, M. and Borritz, M. and Eller, N. H. and Nordentoft, Merete and Olesen, K. and Rod, N. H. and Rugulies, R.",
volume="208",
number="4",
pages="330-336",
abstract="Background: Numerous studies describe the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder following disasters, but less is known about the risk of major depression.  AIMS: To review the risk of depressive disorder in people surviving disasters and in soldiers returning from military deployment.<br><br>METHOD: A systematic literature search combined with reference screening identified 23 controlled epidemiological studies. We used random effects models to compute pooled odds ratios (ORs).<br><br>RESULTS: The average OR was significantly elevated following all types of exposures: natural disaster OR = 2.28 (95% CI 1.30-3.98), technological disaster OR = 1.44 (95% CI 1.21-1.70), terrorist acts OR = 1.80 (95% CI 1.38-2.34) and military combat OR = 1.60 (95% CI 1.09-2.35). In a subset of ten high-quality studies OR was 1.41 (95% CI 1.06-1.87).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Disasters and combat experience substantially increase the risk of depression. Whether psychological trauma per se or bereavement is on the causal path is unresolved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0007-1250",
doi="10.1192/bjp.bp.114.157859",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.157859"
}