@article{ref1,
title="ADHD symptoms in adolescents' everyday life: fluctuations and symptom structure within and between individuals",
journal="Journal of attention disorders",
year="2016",
author="Schmid, Johanna and Stadler, Gertraud and Dirk, Judith and Fiege, Christiane and Gawrilow, Caterina",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether self-reported ADHD symptoms fluctuate substantially within adolescents from day to day, and examined the underlying symptom factor structure on a within- and between-person level. <br><br>METHOD: Adolescents (N = 166) rated their ADHD symptoms over the phone on eight consecutive evenings (total ratings: n = 1,264). <br><br>RESULTS: ADHD symptoms showed substantial fluctuations within adolescents from day to day, as indicated by within-person standard deviations and intraclass correlation coefficients. Both a two-level factor model with three correlated factors (inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity) and a two-level bifactor model with a general ADHD symptom factor and a specific inattention factor provided acceptable to good accounts of the structure underlying daily ADHD symptom ratings on the between- and the within-person level. <br><br>CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that adolescents' ADHD symptoms fluctuate from day to day and highlights the need for intensive diagnostic processes with repeated symptom assessments and interventions that address symptom fluctuations.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1087-0547",
doi="10.1177/1087054716629214",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054716629214"
}