@article{ref1,
title="Precocious transitions and long-term heroin use outcomes: a longitudinal study of gang-affiliated Mexican-American males",
journal="Addictive behaviors",
year="2016",
author="Cepeda, Alice and Nowotny, Kathryn M. and Frankeberger, Jessica and Valdez, Avelardo",
volume="60",
number="",
pages="48-52",
abstract="A longitudinal study (15years) investigates heroin use patterns following precocious transition experiences for gang-affiliated Mexican-American males (n=119) in San Antonio, Texas. Five precocious transitions are examined: cohabitation, early nest leaving, school dropout, teenage parenthood, and unemployment (while not in school). Half of these men used heroin over the follow-up period for an average of under 4years. <br><br>FINDINGS from a zero-inflated Poisson model indicate that while these transitions do not have a significant effect on initiation of heroin use, they do have an important influence on individual's drug trajectories once they have initiated. Early-nest leaving and teenage parenthood are protective factors for continued heroin use while dropping out of high school and cohabiting during this same period are risk factors. <br><br>FINDINGS are discussed within the context of these disadvantaged and marginalized communities.<br><br>Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0306-4603",
doi="10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.023",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.023"
}