@article{ref1,
title="PTSD symptoms in young children exposed to intimate partner violence in four ethno-racial groups",
journal="Journal of child and adolescent trauma",
year="2016",
author="Koolick, Jessica and Galano, Maria and Grogan-Kaylor, Andrew and Clark, Hannah and Montalvo-Liendo, Nora and Graham-Bermann, Sandra",
volume="9",
number="2",
pages="97-107",
abstract="More than 15 million children are eyewitnesses to intimate partner violence (IPV) each year. IPV is associated with higher levels of both externalizing and internalizing problems and places children at a greater risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than those who are not exposed. As previous studies have not included a range of ethno-racial groups in their samples of children exposed to IPV, using standardized measures, the present study examines posttraumatic stress symptoms and PTSD diagnoses in four different ethno-racial groups of children, ages 4-6, who witnessed IPV in the last 2 years. Data are derived from interviews with 144 mothers with children participating in a study of the efficacy of an IPV intervention program. <br><br>RESULTS show high levels of traumatic stress symptoms and PTSD diagnoses (45 %) among the total sample, with significant differences by sex and ethno-racial group. Biracial and Latina females had the highest rates of PTSD relative to other groups. Greater exposure to IPV predicted more extensive PTSD symptoms.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1936-1521",
doi="10.1007/s40653-016-0086-z",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40653-016-0086-z"
}