@article{ref1,
title="Preschoolers value those who sanction non-cooperators",
journal="Cognition",
year="2016",
author="Vaish, Amrisha and Herrmann, Esther and Markmann, Christiane and Tomasello, Michael",
volume="153",
number="",
pages="43-51",
abstract="Large-scale human cooperation among unrelated individuals requires the enforcement of social norms. However, such enforcement poses a problem because non-enforcers can free ride on others' costly and risky enforcement. One solution is that enforcers receive benefits relative to non-enforcers. Here we show that this solution becomes functional during the preschool years: 5-year-old (but not 4-year-old) children judged enforcers of norms more positively, preferred enforcers, and distributed more resources to enforcers than to non-enforcers. The ability to sustain not only first-order but also second-order cooperation thus emerges quite early in human ontogeny, providing a viable solution to the problem of higher-order cooperation.<br><br>Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0010-0277",
doi="10.1016/j.cognition.2016.04.011",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2016.04.011"
}