@article{ref1,
title="Epidemiology of sport-related concussion in an NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision sample",
journal="American journal of sports medicine",
year="2016",
author="Houck, Zachary and Asken, Breton and Bauer, Russell and Pothast, Jason and Michaudet, Charlie and Clugston, James",
volume="44",
number="9",
pages="2269-2275",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Concussions are common in football, and knowledge of their incidence rates across settings is needed to develop strategies to decrease occurrence. <br><br>PURPOSE: To examine sports-related concussion rates in a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision sample based on the activity setting where injuries occurred, during which type of play, and when relative to the 2010 NCAA concussion management policy. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. <br><br>METHODS: Medical records from January 2006 to January 2015 for an NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision program were analyzed. Concussion rates (per 1000 athlete-exposures [AEs]) were compared among the following settings: spring practice, preseason training camp, regular season high-contact practice, regular season low-contact practice, bowl game practice, and game competition. Play-type analyses examined incidence rates during offensive, defensive, and special teams plays. Changes in concussion rate coinciding with the 2010 NCAA concussion management policy were also studied. <br><br>RESULTS: Of the 452 unique players on the roster during the 9-year study period, 118 (26.1%) were diagnosed with a concussion. The concussion rate during games was significantly higher than all practices combined (P <.001). However, when game rate (4.46 per 1000 AEs) was compared with preseason training camp alone (3.81 per 1000 AEs), there was no significant difference (P =.433). The concussion rate during special teams plays was significantly higher than that during offensive (P <.001) or defensive plays (P <.001). The concussion rate in the 4 seasons (2010-2014) after the 2010 NCAA concussion management policy was initiated was significantly higher than the 4 seasons (2006-2009) preceding the policy (P =.036). <br><br>CONCLUSION: Study results show that (1) based on activity type, games and preseason training camp present the greatest risk of sustaining a concussion; (2) based on play type, special teams plays pose the greatest risk of sustaining a concussion; and (3) the 2010 NCAA concussion management policy coincided with a significant increase in recognition of concussion.  Keywords: American football; <br><br>© 2016 The Author(s).<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0363-5465",
doi="10.1177/0363546516645070",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546516645070"
}