@article{ref1,
title="Nonfatal playground-related traumatic brain injuries among children, 2001-2013",
journal="Pediatrics",
year="2016",
author="Cheng, Tabitha A. and Bell, Jeneita M. and Haileyesus, Tadesse and Gilchrist, Julie and Sugerman, David E. and Coronado, Victor G.",
volume="137",
number="6",
pages="e20152721-e20152721",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To describe the circumstances, characteristics, and trends of emergency department (ED) visits for nonfatal, playground-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) among persons aged ≤14 years.  METHODS: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program from January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2013, was examined. US Census bridged-race population estimates were used as the denominator to compute rates per 100 000 population. SAS and Joinpoint linear weighted regression analyses were used to analyze the best-fitting join-point and the annual modeled rate change. These models were used to indicate the magnitude and direction of rate trends for each segment or period.  RESULTS: During the study period, an annual average of 21 101 persons aged ≤14 years were treated in EDs for playground-related TBI. The ED visit rate for boys was 39.7 per 100 000 and 53.5 for persons aged 5-9 years. Overall, 95.6% were treated and released, 33.5% occurred at places of recreation or sports, and 32.5% occurred at school. Monkey bars or playground gyms (28.3%) and swings (28.1%) were the most frequently associated with TBI, but equipment involvement varied by age group. The annual rate of TBI ED visits increased significantly from 2005 to 2013 (P <.05).  CONCLUSIONS: Playgrounds remain an important location of injury risk to children. Strategies to reduce the incidence and severity of playground-related TBIs are needed. These may include improved adult supervision, methods to reduce child risk behavior, regular equipment maintenance, and improvements in playground surfaces and environments.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0031-4005",
doi="10.1542/peds.2015-2721",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-2721"
}