@article{ref1,
title="Causality between transnational terrorism and tourism: the case of Spain",
journal="Terrorism",
year="1991",
author="Enders, Walter and Sandler, Todd",
volume="14",
number="1",
pages="49-58",
abstract="The purpose of this paper is to devise a methodology for estimating the impact of transnational terrorism on tourism. Using monthly data from 1970-1988, we estimate the relationship between terrorism and tourism for Spain. We find that terrorist events have had a significant negative impact on the number of tourists visiting Spain. A typical incident is estimated as scaring away just over 140,000 tourists when all monthly impacts are combined. Moreover, the causality is unidirectional: terrorism affects tourism, but not the reverse.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0149-0389",
doi="10.1080/10576109108435856",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10576109108435856"
}