@article{ref1,
title="Differential effects of childhood trauma and cannabis use disorders in patients suffering from schizophrenia",
journal="Schizophrenia Research",
year="2016",
author="Baudin, G. and Godin, O. and Lajnef, M. and Aouizerate, B. and Berna, F. and Brunel, L. and Capdevielle, D. and Chereau, I. and Dorey, J. M. and Dubertret, C. and Dubreucq, J. and Faget, C. and Fond, G. and Gabayet, F. and Laouamri, H. and Lançon, C. and Le Strat, Y. and Tronche, A. M. and Misdrahi, D. and Rey, R. and Passerieux, C. and Schandrin, A. and Urbach, M. and Vidalhet, P. and Llorca, P. M. and Schürhoff, F. and Berna, F. and Blanc, O. and Brunel, L. and Bulzacka, E. and Capdevielle, D. and Chereau-Boudet, I. and Chesnoy-Servanin, G. and Danion, J. M. and d'Amato, T. and Deloge, A. and Delorme, C. and Denizot, H. and De Pradier, M. and Dorey, J. M. and Dubertret, C. and Dubreucq, J. and Faget, C. and Fluttaz, C. and Fond, G. and Fonteneau, S. and Gabayet, F. and Giraud-Baro, E. and Hardy-Bayle, M. C. and Lacelle, D. and Lançon, C. and Laouamri, H. and Leboyer, M. and Le Gloahec, T. and Le Strat, Y. and Llorca, P. M. and Metairie, E. and Misdrahi, D. and Offerlin-Meyer, I. and Passerieux, C. and Peri, P. and Pires, S. and Portalier, C. and Rey, R. and Roman, C. and Sebilleau, M. and Schandrin, A. and Schürhoff, F. and Tessier, A. and Tronche, A. M. and Urbach, M. and Vaillant, F. and Vehier, A. and Vidailhet, P. and Vilain, J. and Vilà, E. and Yazbek, H. and Zinetti-Bertschy, A.",
volume="175",
number="1-3",
pages="161-167",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Childhood trauma (CT) and cannabis use are both environmental and modifier risk factors for schizophrenia. However, little is known about how they interact in schizophrenia. We examined the main effect of each of these two environmental factors on the clinical expression of the disease using a large set of variables, and we tested whether and how cannabis and CT interact to influence the course and the presentation of the illness. <br><br>METHODS: A sample of 366 patients who met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for schizophrenia was recruited through the FACE-SCZ (Fondamental Advanced Centre of Expertise - Schizophrenia) network. Patients completed a large standardized clinical evaluation including Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders-I (SCID-I), Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Short-Quality of Life-18 (S-QoL-18), and Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS). We assessed CT with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and cannabis status with SCID-I. <br><br>RESULTS: CT significantly predicted the number of hospitalizations, GAF, and S-QoL-18 scores, as well as the PANSS total, positive, excitement, and emotional distress scores. Cannabis use disorders significantly predicted age of onset, and MARS. There was no significant interaction between CT and cannabis use disorders. However, we found evidence of a correlation between these two risk factors. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: CT and cannabis both have differential deleterious effects on clinical and functional outcomes in patients with schizophrenia. Our results highlight the need to systematically assess the presence of these risk factors and adopt suitable therapeutic interventions.<br><br>Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0920-9964",
doi="10.1016/j.schres.2016.04.042",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2016.04.042"
}