@article{ref1,
title="Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Comorbid Depression, Substance Abuse, and Suicide Attempts: Clinical Presentations, Assessments, and Treatment",
journal="Brief treatment and crisis intervention",
year="2003",
author="Roberts, Albert R. and Yeager, Kenneth and Seigel, Alan",
volume="3",
number="2",
pages="145-168",
abstract="Persons with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in singular presentation may experience profound threats to self-esteem; activities of daily living; marital, family, social relationships; and occupational functioning. OCD is present in a number of comorbid conditions, the most risky of which elevate suicide risk. This paper examines the prevalence, assessment methods, clinical features, and treatment approaches to OCD, and depression, substance abuse, or psychotic episodes in comorbid presentation, where threats to the functioning and survival of the individual as well as complications in clinical treatment may arise because of the interplay of symptoms of OCD, substance abuse, brief psychotic episodes, and depression. Case illustrations are used to demonstrate effects of comorbidity and considerations in treatment planning. This article closes by calling for longitudinal research on the causes, consequences, and efficacy of integrated treatment of OCD, depression, substance abuse, and suicidality. [Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention 3:145-167 (2003)].   <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1474-3310",
doi="10.1093/brief-treatment/mhg012",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brief-treatment/mhg012"
}