@article{ref1,
title="Brownface minstrelsy: "José Jiménez," the civil rights movement, and the legacy of racist comedy",
journal="Ethnicities",
year="2016",
author="Pérez, Raúl",
volume="16",
number="1",
pages="40-67",
abstract="This study examines US comedian Bill Dana, of Hungarian-Jewish descent, and his Latino minstrel character, &quot;José Jiménez,&quot; during the civil rights period. By situating Dana and Jiménez within the social and political context of Latinos in the US during the 1960s, I argue Dana's comedy continued the tradition of racial ridicule at a time when blackface minstrelsy was increasingly unpopular: a result of contestation by African American civil rights groups. Analyzing primary sources (oral histories, news articles, and audio/visual media), I examine the initial popularity of José Jiménez in the early 1960s, the mechanisms used to ridicule Latinos, the role of media in constructing narratives of non-racism and acceptance by Latinos, and the resulting contestation of the character by Chicano/Latino media activists and civil rights organizations. I conclude that public racial ridicule of Latinos has not been constrained as some have suggested, but that it has changed since the civil rights era.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1468-7968",
doi="10.1177/1468796814548233",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796814548233"
}