@article{ref1,
title="Selection biases in observational studies affect associations between 'moderate' alcohol consumption and mortality",
journal="Addiction",
year="2016",
author="Naimi, Timothy S. and Stockwell, Timothy and Zhao, Jinhui and Xuan, Ziming and Dangardt, Frida and Saitz, Rich and Liang, Wenbin and Chikritzhs, Tanya",
volume="112",
number="2",
pages="207-214",
abstract="Selection biases may lead to systematic overestimate of protective effects from 'moderate' alcohol consumption. Overall, most sources of selection bias favor low-volume drinkers Gaetanoers in relation to non-drinkers. Studies that attempt to address these types of bias generally find attenuated or non-significant relationships between low-volume alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease, which is the major source of possible protective effects on mortality from low-volume consumption. Furthermore, observed mortality effects among established low-volume consumers are of limited relevance to health-related decisions about whether to initiate consumption or to continue drinking purposefully into old age. Short of randomized trials with mortality end-points, there are a number of approaches that can minimize selection bias involving low-volume alcohol consumption.<br><br>© 2016 Society for the Study of Addiction.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0965-2140",
doi="10.1111/add.13451",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.13451"
}