@article{ref1,
title="Balance disorders in childhood: Main etiologies according to age. Usefulness of the video head impulse test",
journal="International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology",
year="2016",
author="Sommerfleck, Patricia Alejandra and González Macchi, María Emilia and Weinschelbaum, Romina and De Bagge, Maximiliano Damián and Bernáldez, Patricia and Carmona, Sergio",
volume="87",
number="",
pages="148-153",
abstract="UNLABELLED: Balance disorders are common in adult patients but less usual in the pediatric population. When this symptomatology appears in children it is a cause for concern, both for parents and health-care professionals. <br><br>OBJECTIVES: To explain the balance disorders in children describing a case series and to discuss the main etiologies found according to age. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective, observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted. POPULATION: Patients aged 1-18 years who consulted because of balance disorders at the otolaryngology department of a pediatric tertiary-care hospital between March 2012 and July 2015. <br><br>RESULTS: Two hundred and six patients were included in the study. Median age was 10 years. The most common diagnoses were vestibular migraine in 21.8% of the children, ataxia in 9.22%, benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood in 7.77%, and post-traumatic vertigo in 6.31%.Overall, 61 videonystagmographies- of which 46 were normal - and 55 video head impulse tests - which were normal in 45 and showed abnormalities in the vestibulo-ocular reflex gain in 10 - were performed. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In a child with balance disorders, the medical history and neurotological examination are essential. Vestibular migraine is the most commonly found disorder in every age group, and most of the patients have a family history of migraine. Ancillary studies, especially the video head-impulse test, provide important data to confirm the diagnosis.<br><br>Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0165-5876",
doi="10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.06.020",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.06.020"
}