@article{ref1,
title="Improving alcohol screening for college students: screening for alcohol misuse amongst college students with a simple modification to the CAGE questionnaire",
journal="Journal of American college health",
year="2016",
author="Jr, Purcell Taylor and El-Sabawi, Taleed and Cangin, Causenge",
volume="64",
number="5",
pages="397-403",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To improve the CAGE (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye opener) questionnaire's predictive accuracy in screening college students. Participants: The sample consisted of 219 midwestern university students who self-administered a confidential survey. <br><br>METHODS: Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, receiver operating characteristics (ROC), and Cronbach's alpha were used to analyze factor structure, validity, and reliability. <br><br>RESULTS: The modified CAGE correctly classified students with alcohol abuse (&quot;AA students&quot;; area under the curve [AUC] = 0.7765) and students with alcohol dependency (&quot;AD students&quot;; AUC = 0.8392) more often than CAGE (AA students: AUC = 0.6977; AD students: AUC = 0.7437), and these differences are statistically significant (AA students: χ2(1) = 14.72, p <.001; AD students: χ2(1) = 7.71, p <.01). Using 2-point cut scores, CAGE correctly identified 59.38% of AD students as AD, whereas the modified CAGE correctly identified 87% of AD students as AD. Using 1-point cut scores, CAGE correctly identified 65% AA students, whereas the modified CAGE identified 85.29%. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The modified CAGE has better accuracy than CAGE in predicting AA and AD among college populations.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0744-8481",
doi="10.1080/07448481.2016.1168429",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2016.1168429"
}