@article{ref1,
title="Transient risk factors for acute occupational hand injuries among metal manufacturing workers: a case-crossover study in southern China",
journal="American journal of industrial medicine",
year="2016",
author="Liu, Xin-Xia and Huang, Guo-Xian and Huang, Hui-Qiang and Wang, Shu-Yu and Zong, Ying and Chen, Wei-Qing",
volume="59",
number="10",
pages="832-840",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Acute occupational hand injuries are a common occurrence in China's metal manufacturing industries. This study aimed to explore the transient risk factors for acute occupational hand injuries among metal manufacturing workers. <br><br>METHODS: A case-crossover study was conducted from October 2013 through December 2013 in Zhongshan city, southern China. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect information on the occurrence of 12 transient risk factors during the &quot;hazard&quot; period (a 60-min period prior to occupational hand injury) and a &quot;control&quot; period (the week before the injury). <br><br>RESULTS: One hundred ninety-four qualified acute occupational hand injury cases (139 male, 55 female) were enrolled in this study, with a mean age of 35.5 (standard deviation [SD] 10.4) years. The most common (64.9%) type of work was punching, and the most common injures were crushes and fractures (28.8 and 23.7%, respectively). Of these cases, 62.9% were regarded as severe or major. Among the 12 transient risk factors, 11 ones were significantly associated with acute occupational hand injuries occurring during the hazard period: &quot;replacing sharp knives&quot; (IRR = 14.38, 95%CI 11.43-18.08), &quot;using malfunctioning machinery&quot; (IRR = 30.59, 95%CI 17.84-52.48), &quot;using different tools&quot; (IRR = 10.96, 95%CI 4.77-25.17), &quot;using different machines&quot; (IRR = 5.20, 95%CI 2.25-12.00), &quot;performing unusual work tasks&quot; (IRR = 24.38, 95%CI 14.11-42.15), &quot;working overtime&quot; (IRR = 13.40, 95%CI 7.70-23.29), &quot;performing a task with a different method&quot; (IRR = 56.41, 95%CI 23.61-134.81), &quot;being in a bad mood&quot; (IRR = 108.11, 95%CI 55.10-211.11), &quot;feeling ill&quot; (RR = 12.27, 95%CI 4.95-30.43), &quot;rushing&quot; (IRR = 5.16, 95%CI 2.49-10.70), and &quot;not wearing gloves&quot; (IRR = 1.63, 95%CI 1.23-2.15). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggested that multiple transient risk factors were responsible for the acute occupational hand injuries in China's metal manufacturing industries. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<br><br>© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0271-3586",
doi="10.1002/ajim.22625",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22625"
}