@article{ref1,
title="Illuminance required to detect a pavement obstacle of critical size",
journal="Lighting research and technology",
year="2018",
author="Fotios, S. and Uttley, J.",
volume="50",
number="3",
pages="390-404",
abstract="This paper investigates the illuminance needed to detect trip hazards for pedestrians walking after dark. In previous work, it was assumed that the critical obstacle height is 25 mm: further review of accident data and foot clearance data suggests instead that 10 mm is the critical height. Eye tracking records suggest a tendency for obstacles to be detected approximately 3.4 m ahead. Interpretation of obstacle detection data suggests horizontal photopic illuminances of up to 0.9 lux are required for peripheral detection of a 10 mm obstacle 3.4 m ahead, according to the scotopic/photopic ratio of the lighting and the age of the observer.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1477-1535",
doi="10.1177/1477153516659783",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153516659783"
}