@article{ref1,
title="Individual- and area-level predictors of self-harm repetition",
journal="British journal of psychiatry",
year="2006",
author="Johnston, A. and Cooper, Jayne and Webb, Roger and Kapur, Navneet",
volume="189",
number="",
pages="416-421",
abstract="BACKGROUND: No ecological studies have examined the relationship between area characteristics, individual characteristics and self-harm repetition. AIMS: To investigate the association between area-level factors and incidence and repetition of self-harm, and to identify which area-level factors are independently associated with repetition after adjustment for individual factors. METHOD: Prospective cohort study using the Manchester Self-Harm database. Adults who were resident in Manchester and presented to an emergency department following self-harm between 1997 and 2002 were included (n = 4743). The main outcome measure was repeat self-harm within 6 months of the index episode. RESULTS: Four individual factors (previous self-harm, previous psychiatric treatment, employment status, marital status) and one area-based factor (proportion of individuals who were of White ethnicity) were independently associated with repetition. CONCLUSIONS: Repetition of self-harm may be more strongly related to individual factors than to area characteristics. We need to better understand the processes underlying ecological associations with suicidal behaviour before embarking on area-based interventions.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0007-1250",
doi="10.1192/bjp.bp.105.018085",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.018085"
}