@article{ref1,
title="Understanding the correlates of face-to-face and cyberbullying victimization among U.S. adolescents: a social-ecological analysis",
journal="Violence and victims",
year="2016",
author="Hong, Jun Sung and Lee, Jungup and Espelage, Dorothy L. and Hunter, Simon C. and Patton, Desmond Upton and Rivers, Tyrone",
volume="31",
number="4",
pages="638-663",
abstract="Using a national sample of 7,533 U.S. adolescents in grades 6-10, this study compares the social-ecological correlates of face-to-face and cyberbullying victimization. <br><br>RESULTS indicate that younger age, male sex, hours spent on social media, family socioeconomic status (SES; individual context), parental monitoring (family context), positive feelings about school, and perceived peer support in school (school context) were negatively associated with both forms of victimization. European American race, Hispanic/Latino race (individual), and family satisfaction (family context) were all significantly associated with less face-to-face victimization only, and school pressure (school context) was significantly associated with more face-to-face bullying. Peer groups accepted by parents (family context) were related to less cyberbullying victimization, and calling/texting friends were related to more cyberbullying victimization. Research and practice implications are discussed.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0886-6708",
doi="10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-15-00014",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-15-00014"
}