@article{ref1,
title="Conflicting and non-conflicting visual cues lead to error in gait initiation and gait inhibition in individuals with freezing of gait",
journal="Gait and posture",
year="2016",
author="Beaulne-Séguin, Zacharie and Nantel, Julie",
volume="49",
number="",
pages="443-447",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: We asked whether conflicting visual cues influences gait initiation, gait inhibition and postural control in Parkinson's disease (PD) between freezers, non-freezers and healthy older adults. <br><br>METHODS: Twenty-five PD participants on dopaminergic medication and 17 healthy older adults were asked to initiate or refrain gait depending on visual cues: green GO (GG), green STOP (GS), red GO (RG), red STOP (RS). Center of pressure (CoP) displacement, variability and mean velocity (VCoP) in the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions and movement time (MT) were measured. <br><br>RESULTS: Gait initiation: Both freezers and non-freezers were different from controls in GG and GS. In GS, freezers had smaller CoP displacement and velocity in both directions (p<0.01), while non-freezers had smaller VCoP in AP and ML (p<0.01). AP CoP displacement in GS was smaller in freezers compared to non-freezers (p<0.05). Freezers had longer MT compared to controls in GG and compared to both groups in GS (p<0.01). Gait inhibition: Controls and freezers had larger CoP displacement variability (p<0.05) and velocity (p<0.01) in both directions in RG compared to RS. No differences were seen in non-freezers. Three freezers initiated walking during the RG or RS conditions. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Freezers were in general slower at initiating gait, displayed a more restrictive postural strategy and were more affected by the conflicting conditions compared to both controls and non-freezers. In freezers, the conflicting visual cues may have increased the cognitive load enough to provoke delays in processing the visual information and implementing the appropriate motor program.<br><br>Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0966-6362",
doi="10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.08.002",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.08.002"
}