@article{ref1,
title="The epidemiologic principles underlying traffic safety study designs",
journal="International journal of epidemiology",
year="2016",
author="Kim, June H. and Mooney, Stephen J.",
volume="45",
number="5",
pages="1668-1675",
abstract="This article describes the epidemiological principles underlying four observational study designs commonly used to assess traffic safety: the case-control, case-crossover, culpability and quasi-induced exposure designs. We focus in particular on the specific challenges for preventing bias using each design. Whereas recruiting controls representative of the source population poses a special challenge in case-control traffic safety studies, case-crossover designs are prone to recall bias, and culpability and quasi-induced exposure studies can be undermined by difficulties assigning crash responsibility. Using causal diagrams and worked examples, we provide a simple way to teach traffic safety designs to epidemiologists and to encourage proper application of epidemiological principles among researchers designing traffic safety studies.<br><br>© The Author 2016; all rights reserved. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0300-5771",
doi="10.1093/ije/dyw172",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyw172"
}