@article{ref1,
title="Pediatric firework-related injuries presenting to United States emergency departments, 1990-2014",
journal="Clinical pediatrics",
year="2016",
author="Billock, Rachael M. and Chounthirath, Thiphalak and Smith, Gary A.",
volume="56",
number="6",
pages="535-544",
abstract="This study characterizes the epidemiology of nonfatal pediatric firework-related injuries in the United States among children and adolescents by analyzing data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System from 1990 through 2014. During this 25-year period, an estimated 136 991 (95% CI = 113 574-160 408) children <20 years old were treated in US emergency departments for firework-related injuries. The annual injury rate decreased significantly by 30.4% during this period. Most of those injured were male (75.7%), mean patient age was 10.6 years, and 7.6% required hospital admission. The hands (30.0%) were the most commonly injured body region, followed by head and neck (22.2%), and eyes (21.5%). Sixty percent of injuries were burns. Injuries were most commonly associated with firecrackers (26.2%), aerial devices (16.3%), and sparklers (14.3%). Consumer fireworks pose a serious injury risk to pediatric users and bystanders, and families should be encouraged to attend public firework displays rather than use consumer fireworks.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0009-9228",
doi="10.1177/0009922816664063",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922816664063"
}