@article{ref1,
title="Bicycle helmets work when it matters the most",
journal="American journal of surgery",
year="2016",
author="Joseph, Bellal and Azim, Asad and Haider, Ansab A. and Kulvatunyou, Narong and O'Keeffe, Terence and Hassan, Ahmed and Gries, Lynn and Tran, Emily and Latifi, Rifat and Rhee, Peter",
volume="213",
number="2",
pages="413-417",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Helmets are known to reduce the incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) after bicycle-related accidents. The aim of this study was to assess the association of helmets with severity of TBI and facial fractures after bicycle-related accidents. <br><br>METHODS: We performed an analysis of the 2012 National Trauma Data Bank abstracted information of all patients with an intracranial hemorrhage after bicycle-related accidents. Regression analysis was also performed. <br><br>RESULTS: A total of 6,267 patients were included. About 25.1% (n = 1,573) of bicycle riders were helmeted. Overall, 52.4% (n = 3,284) of the patients had severe TBI, and the mortality rate was 2.8% (n = 176). Helmeted bicycle riders had 51% reduced odds of severe TBI (odds ratio [OR].49, 95% confidence interval [CI].43 to.55, P <.001) and 44% reduced odds of mortality (OR.56, 95% CI.34 to.78, P =.010). Helmet use also reduced the odds of facial fractures by 31% (OR.69, 95% CI.58 to.81, P <.001). <br><br>CONCLUSION: Bicycle helmet use provides protection against severe TBI, reduces facial fractures, and saves lives even after sustaining an intracranial hemorrhage.<br><br>Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0002-9610",
doi="10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.05.021",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.05.021"
}