@article{ref1,
title="Cell phone-based ecological momentary assessment of substance use context for Latino youth in outpatient treatment: who, what, when and where",
journal="Drug and alcohol dependence",
year="2016",
author="Comulada, W. Scott and Swendeman, Dallas and Wu, Nancy",
volume="167",
number="",
pages="207-213",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Relationships between alcohol, marijuana and other drug (AOD) use and contextual factors have mostly been established through retrospective self-report. Given the embeddedness of cell phones in adolescents' daily activities, cell phone-based ecological momentary assessment (CEMA) provides an opportunity to better understand AOD use in youth and how cell phones can be used to self-monitor and deliver interventions. We use CEMA to examine AOD use in Latino youth who have been especially understudied. <br><br>METHODS: Twenty-eight mostly Latino youth (ages 13-18) in outpatient substance abuse treatment recorded AOD use, contextual factors, cravings, and affect through once-daily CEMA over one month periods. Random-effects logistic regression was used to compare contextual factors between periods of AOD use and non-use. <br><br>RESULTS: The most frequent contextual factors reported during AOD use were being with close friends and &quot;hanging out&quot; as the primary activity. During AOD use compared to non-use, youth were more likely to be with close friends (OR=4.76; p<0.01), around users (OR=17.69; p<0.01), and at a friend's house (OR=5.97; p<0.01). Alcohol use was more frequently reported at night (63% vs 34%) and on weekends relative to other substances (64% vs 49%). Strong cravings were more frequently reported on AOD-use days (OR=7.34; p<0.01). Types of positive and negative affect were reported with similar frequencies, regardless of AOD use. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Reporting on social context, location, day and time of day, and cravings all show promise in developing cell phone-based interventions triggered by contextual data.<br><br>Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0376-8716",
doi="10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.623",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.623"
}