@article{ref1,
title="Take-home naloxone treatment for opioid emergencies: a comparison of routes of administration and associated delivery systems",
journal="Expert opinion on drug delivery",
year="2016",
author="Elzey, Mark J. and Fudin, Jeffrey and Edwards, Eric S.",
volume="14",
number="9",
pages="1045-1058",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: Naloxone reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression outside of medical facilities has become more prevalent because of the escalating opioid epidemic in the USA. Take-home naloxone for treatment of opioid emergencies is now being recommended by numerous federal, state, and professional organizations.Areas covered: The scope of the opioid overdose epidemic is reviewed along with practical, clinical, regulatory, and usability considerations for take-home naloxone routes of administration currently available and associated delivery systems. Specific opioid-related factors are discussed in detail with emphasis placed on life-threatening respiratory depression and naloxone antagonism. A clinical overview, including pharmacokinetic and FDA approval information for each take-home naloxone product is discussed in detail as well as the impact of take-home naloxone in the community. Finally, given these products are to be used in a panic-stricken, life-threatening opioid emergency, an analysis of available usability data is provided with proposed directions for further study.Expert opinion: Based on the available clinical evidence, auto-injectable naloxone should be the preferred administration route for take-home naloxone treatment until additional safety, efficacy, and comparative outcomes data are available for unconventional routes of administration that unequivocally provide equal or superior results.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1742-5247",
doi="10.1080/17425247.2017.1230097",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17425247.2017.1230097"
}