@article{ref1,
title="The role of bullying in depressive symptoms from adolescence to emerging adulthood: a growth mixture model",
journal="Journal of affective disorders",
year="2016",
author="Hill, Ryan M. and Mellick, William and Temple, Jeff R. and Sharp, Carla",
volume="207",
number="",
pages="1-8",
abstract="BACKGROUND: The present study sought to identify trajectories of depressive symptoms in adolescence and emerging adulthood using a school-based sample of adolescents assessed over a five-year period. The study also examined whether bully and cyberbully victimization and perpetration significantly predicted depressive symptom trajectories. <br><br>METHOD: Data from a sample of 1042 high school students were examined. The sample had a mean age of 15.09 years (SD=.79), was 56.0% female, and was racially diverse: 31.4% Hispanic, 29.4% White, and 27.9% African American. Data were examined using growth mixture modeling. <br><br>RESULTS: Four depressive symptoms trajectories were identified, including those with a mild trajectory of depressive symptoms, an increasing trajectory of depressive symptoms, an elevated trajectory of depressive symptoms, and a decreasing trajectory of depressive symptoms. <br><br>RESULTS indicated that bully victimization and cyberbully victimization differentially predicted depressive symptoms trajectories across adolescence, though bully and cyberbully perpetration did not. LIMITATIONS: Limitations include reliance on self-reports of bully perpetration and a limited consideration of external factors that may impact the course of depression. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These findings may inform school personnel in identifying students' likely trajectory of depressive symptoms and determining where depression prevention and treatment services may be needed.<br><br>Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0165-0327",
doi="10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.007",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.007"
}