@article{ref1,
title="Relationships between older drivers' cognitive abilities as assessed on the MoCA and glance patterns during visual-manual radio tuning while driving",
journal="Journals of gerontology. Series B: psychological sciences and social sciences",
year="2018",
author="Lee, Joonbum and Mehler, Bruce and Reimer, Bryan and Ebe, Kazutoshi and Coughlin, Joseph F.",
volume="73",
number="7",
pages="1190-1197",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Research has established that long off-road glances increase crash risk, and other work has shown increased off-road glance behavior in older drivers. This study investigated the relationship between older drivers' (M = 66.3, range 61-69 years) cognitive abilities and the duration of off-road glances while engaged in secondary visual-manual activities. <br><br>METHOD: Twenty-two drivers completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) prior to driving an instrumented vehicle and completing a set of radio-tuning tasks. Glance behavior was recorded and manually coded into 7 glance regions (toward the forward roadway, instrument cluster, center stack, rearview mirror, left, right, and other). <br><br>RESULTS: On average, older drivers with higher MoCA scores used shorter glances and glanced away from the forward roadway for less total time when manually tuning the radio. <br><br>DISCUSSION: These findings suggest that lower MoCA scores may represent a driving force behind the &quot;age&quot; differences reported in earlier studies of off-road glance behavior. Questions are raised concerning the identification of MoCA scores that might be used as inclusion cut-points in driving research and in identifying individuals needing further evaluation related to suitability for continuance of driving.<br><br>© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1079-5014",
doi="10.1093/geronb/gbw131",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbw131"
}