@article{ref1,
title="The King-Devick test of rapid number naming for concussion detection: meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature",
journal="Concussion",
year="2016",
author="Galetta, Kristin M. and Liu, Mengling and Leong, Danielle F. and Ventura, Rachel E. and Galetta, Steven L. and Balcer, Laura J.",
volume="1",
number="2",
pages="e8-e8",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Vision encompasses a large component of the brain's pathways, yet is not represented in current sideline testing. <br><br>OBJECTIVES: We performed a meta-analysis of published data for a vision-based test of rapid number naming (King-Devick [K-D] test). Studies & methods: Pooled and meta-analysis of 15 studies estimated preseason baseline K-D scores and sensitivity/specificity for identifying concussed versus nonconcussed control athletes. <br><br>RESULT: Baseline K-D (n = 1419) showed a weighted estimate of 43.8 s (95% CI: 40.2, 47.5; I2 = 0.0%; p=0.85 - indicating very little heterogeneity). Sensitivity was 86% (96/112 concussed athletes had K-D worsening; 95% CI: 78%, 92%); specificity was 90% (181/202 controls had no worsening; 95% CI: 85%, 93%). <br><br>CONCLUSION: Rapid number naming adds to sideline assessment and contributes a critical dimension of vision to sports-related concussion testing.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2056-3299",
doi="10.2217/cnc.15.8",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/cnc.15.8"
}