@article{ref1,
title="Generalized seizures after experimental traumatic brain injury occur at the transition from slow-wave to rapid-eye-movement sleep",
journal="Journal of neurotrauma",
year="2016",
author="Andrade, Pedro and Nissinen, Jari and Pitkänen, Asla",
volume="34",
number="7",
pages="1482-1487",
abstract="Sleep disturbances commonly occur after traumatic brain injury and may predispose patients to epileptic seizures. We hypothesized that unprovoked seizure occurrence after traumatic brain injury depends on the sleep-wake cycle, and that the electrographic characteristics of a given sleep stage provide biomarkers for post-traumatic epilepsy. We show in a rat lateral fluid-percussion model that 92% of spontaneous generalized seizures occur during the transition from stage III to rapid-eye-movement sleep. Moreover, a reduction in spindle duration and dominant frequency during the transition stage present as specific and sensitive non-invasive biomarkers for experimentally induced post-traumatic epilepsy with generalized electrographic seizures.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0897-7151",
doi="10.1089/neu.2016.4675",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/neu.2016.4675"
}