@article{ref1,
title="Prevalence of driving under the influence of psychoactive substances and road traffic crashes among Brazilian crack-using drivers",
journal="Drug and alcohol dependence",
year="2016",
author="Scherer, Juliana Nichterwitz and Silvestrin, Roberta and Ornell, Felipe and Roglio, Vinícius Serafini and Sousa, Tanara Rosângela Vieira",
volume="168",
number="",
pages="255-262",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Substance use disorders are associated with the increased risk of driving under the influence (DUI), but little is known about crack-cocaine and its relationship with road traffic crashes (RTC). <br><br>METHOD: A multicenter sample of 765 crack-cocaine users was recruited in six Brazilian capitals in order to estimate the prevalence of DUI and RTC involvement. Legal, psychiatric, and drug-use aspects related with traffic safety were evaluated using the Addiction Severity Index - 6th version (ASI-6) and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. <br><br>RESULTS: Seventy-six (28.3%) current drivers reported accident involvement following crack-cocaine use. Among drivers (n=269), 45.7% and 30.5% reported DUIs in the past 6 months and 30 days, respectively. Drivers reporting DUI's in the past month (n=82) had higher scores in the &quot;psychiatric&quot;, &quot;legal&quot;, and &quot;family problems&quot; subscales from the ASI-6, and lower scores in the &quot;family social support&quot; subscale in comparison to those without a history of DUIs (n=187). An overall high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity and substance consumption was observed. Participants with 5+ years of crack-cocaine use were more likely to have been in a RTC (RR=1.52, 95%IC: 1.02-2.75), independently of marijuana use, binge drinking and psychiatric comorbidities. <br><br>CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of RTC and DUI involvement among crack-using drivers supports the idea that they are at a high risk group regarding traffic safety. Years of crack consumption seem to be associated with RTC involvement. Also, the presence of psychiatric comorbidities, poly-drug use, and cognitive impairment usually associated with crack addiction could yield additional risk of accidents.  Keywords: Cannabis impaired driving; DUID; Ethanol impaired driving <br><br>Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0376-8716",
doi="10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.017",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.017"
}