@article{ref1,
title="A longitudinal study of adjustment disorder after trauma exposure",
journal="American journal of psychiatry",
year="2016",
author="O'donnell, Meaghan L. and Alkemade, Nathan and Creamer, Mark and McFarlane, Alexander C. and Silove, Derrick and Bryant, Richard A. and Felmingham, Kim and Steel, Zachery and Forbes, David",
volume="173",
number="12",
pages="1231-1238",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Adjustment disorder has been recategorized as a trauma- and stressor-related disorder in DSM-5. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of adjustment disorder in the first 12 months after severe injury; to determine whether adjustment disorder was a less severe disorder compared with other disorders in terms of disability and quality of life; to investigate the trajectory of adjustment disorder; and to examine whether the subtypes described in DSM-5 are distinguishable. <br><br>METHOD: In a multisite, cohort study, injury patients were assessed during hospitalization and at 3 and 12 months postinjury (N=826). Structured clinical interviews were used to assess affective, anxiety, and substance use disorders, and self-report measures of disability, anxiety, depression, and quality of life were administered. <br><br>RESULTS: The prevalence of adjustment disorder was 19% at 3 months and 16% at 12 months. Participants with adjustment disorder reported worse outcomes relative to those with no psychiatric diagnosis but better outcomes compared with those diagnosed with other psychiatric disorders. Participants with adjustment disorder at 3 months postinjury were significantly more likely to meet criteria for a psychiatric disorder at 12 months (odds ratio=2.67, 95% CI=1.59-4.49). Latent-profile analysis identified a three-class model that was based on symptom severity, not the subtypes identified by DSM-5. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Recategorization of adjustment disorder into the trauma- and stressor-related disorders is supported by this study. However, further description of the phenomenology of the disorder is required.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0002-953X",
doi="10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16010071",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16010071"
}