@article{ref1,
title="Heritable temperament pathways to early callous-unemotional behaviour",
journal="British journal of psychiatry",
year="2016",
author="Waller, Rebecca and Trentacosta, Christopher J. and Shaw, Daniel S. and Neiderhiser, Jenae M. and Ganiban, Jody M. and Reiss, David and Leve, Leslie D. and Hyde, Luke W.",
volume="209",
number="6",
pages="475-482",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Early callous-unemotional behaviours identify children at risk for antisocial behaviour. Recent work suggests that the high heritability of callous-unemotional behaviours is qualified by interactions with positive parenting. AIMS: To examine whether heritable temperament dimensions of fearlessness and low affiliative behaviour are associated with early callous-unemotional behaviours and whether parenting moderates these associations. <br><br>METHOD: Using an adoption sample (n = 561), we examined pathways from biological mother self-reported fearlessness and affiliative behaviour to child callous-unemotional behaviours via observed child fearlessness and affiliative behaviour, and whether adoptive parent observed positive parenting moderated pathways. <br><br>RESULTS: Biological mother fearlessness predicted child callous-unemotional behaviours via earlier child fearlessness. Biological mother low affiliative behaviour predicted child callous-unemotional behaviours, although not via child affiliative behaviours. Adoptive mother positive parenting moderated the fearlessness to callous-unemotional behaviour pathway. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Heritable fearlessness and low interpersonal affiliation traits contribute to the development of callous-unemotional behaviours. Positive parenting can buffer these risky pathways.<br><br>© The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2016.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0007-1250",
doi="10.1192/bjp.bp.116.181503",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.181503"
}