@article{ref1,
title="The effects of partial sleep deprivation on energy balance: a systematic review and meta-analysis",
journal="European journal of clinical nutrition",
year="2016",
author="Al Khatib, H. K. and Harding, S. V. and Darzi, J. and Pot, G. K.",
volume="71",
number="5",
pages="614-624",
abstract="BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: It is unknown whether short sleep duration causatively contributes to weight gain. Studies investigating effects of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) on energy balance components report conflicting findings. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of human intervention studies assessing the effects of PSD on energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE). SUBJECTS/METHODS: EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science and Scopus were searched. Differences in EI and total EE following PSD compared with a control condition were generated using the inverse variance method with random-effects models. Secondary outcomes included macronutrient distribution and resting metabolic rate. Heterogeneity was quantified with the I(2)-statistic. <br><br>RESULTS: Seventeen studies (n=496) were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review, and 11 studies (n=172) provided sufficient data to be included in meta-analyses. EI was significantly increased by 385 kcal (95% confidence interval: 252, 517; P<0.00001) following PSD compared with the control condition. We found no significant change in total EE or resting metabolic rate as a result of PSD. The observed increase in EI was accompanied by significantly higher fat and lower protein intakes, but no effect on carbohydrate intake. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The pooled effects of the studies with extractable data indicated that PSD resulted in increased EI with no effect on EE, leading to a net positive energy balance, which in the long term may contribute to weight gain.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 2 November 2016; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.201.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0954-3007",
doi="10.1038/ejcn.2016.201",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2016.201"
}