@article{ref1,
title="Association between aircraft, road and railway traffic noise and depression in a large case-control study based on secondary data",
journal="Environmental research",
year="2016",
author="Seidler, Andreas and Hegewald, Janice and Seidler, Anna Lene and Schubert, Melanie and Wagner, Mandy and Dröge, Patrik and Haufe, Eva and Schmitt, Jochen and Swart, Enno and Zeeb, Hajo",
volume="152",
number="",
pages="263-271",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the relationship between traffic noise and depression providing inconclusive results. This large case-control study is the first to assess and directly compare depression risks by aircraft, road traffic and railway noise. <br><br>METHODS: The study population included individuals aged ≥40 years that were insured by three large statutory health insurance funds and were living in the region of Frankfurt international airport. Address-specific exposure to aircraft, road and railway traffic noise in 2005 was estimated. Based on insurance claims and prescription data, 77,295 cases with a new clinical depression diagnosis between 2006 and 2010 were compared with 578,246 control subjects. <br><br>RESULTS: For road traffic noise, a linear exposure-risk relationship was found with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.17 (95% CI=1.10-1.25) for 24-h continuous sound levels ≥70dB. For aircraft noise, the risk estimates reached a maximum OR of 1.23 (95% CI=1.19-1.28) at 50-55dB and decreased at higher exposure categories. For railway noise, risk estimates peaked at 60-65dB (OR=1.15, 95% CI=1.08-1.22). The highest OR of 1.42 (95% CI=1.33-1.52) was found for a combined exposure to noise above 50dB from all three sources. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that traffic noise exposure might lead to depression. As a potential explanation for the decreasing risks at high traffic noise levels, vulnerable people might actively cope with noise (e.g. insulate or move away).<br><br>Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0013-9351",
doi="10.1016/j.envres.2016.10.017",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.10.017"
}