@article{ref1,
title="Observed fearlessness and positive parenting interact to predict childhood callous-unemotional behaviors among low-income boys",
journal="Journal of child psychology and psychiatry",
year="2016",
author="Waller, Rebecca and Shaw, Daniel S. and Hyde, Luke W.",
volume="58",
number="3",
pages="282-291",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Callous-unemotional behaviors identify children at risk for severe and chronic antisocial behavior. Research is needed to establish pathways from temperament and parenting factors that give rise to callous-unemotional behaviors, including interactions of positive versus harsh parenting with child fearlessness. <br><br>METHODS: Multimethod data, including parent reports and observations of parent and child behavior, were drawn from a prospective, longitudinal sample of low-income boys (N = 310) with assessments at 18, 24, and 42 months, and at ages 10-12 years old. <br><br>RESULTS: Parent-reported callous-unemotional, oppositional, and attention-deficit factors were separable at 42 months. Callous-unemotional behaviors at 42 months predicted callous-unemotional behaviors at ages 10-12, accounting for earlier oppositional and attention-deficit behaviors and self-reported child delinquency at ages 10-12. Observations of fearlessness at 24 months predicted callous-unemotional behaviors at 42 months, but only when parents exhibited low observed levels of positive parenting. The interaction of fearlessness and low positive parenting indirectly predicted callous-unemotional behaviors at 10-12 via callous-unemotional behaviors at 42 months. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Early fearlessness interacts with low positive parenting to predict early callous-unemotional behaviors, with lasting effects of this person-by-context interaction on callous-unemotional behaviors into late childhood.<br><br>© 2016 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0021-9630",
doi="10.1111/jcpp.12666",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12666"
}